{"id":15735,"date":"2026-01-06T21:30:32","date_gmt":"2026-01-06T13:30:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.erun-tech.com\/?post_type=dt_portfolio&p=15735"},"modified":"2026-01-06T21:30:32","modified_gmt":"2026-01-06T13:30:32","slug":"bianyaqideshiyongweihucongjichuyuanlidaojixingpanding","status":"publish","type":"dt_portfolio","link":"http:\/\/www.erun-tech.com\/vi\/project\/bianyaqideshiyongweihucongjichuyuanlidaojixingpanding","title":{"rendered":"S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p: T\u1eeb nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ef1c t\u00ednh"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n
\n
\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p: T\u1eeb nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ef1c t\u00ednh<\/h1>\n
T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i (ETO)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

Bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u0129nh, thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng. Khi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb ph\u00eda s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p sang ph\u00eda th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p theo nhu c\u1ea7u truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. Trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 3 l\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

II. N\u1ed9i dung tr\u00ean nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/h2>\n
\n

(1) Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1eabu bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/h3>\n

M\u1eabu m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai ph\u1ea7n. Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i trong b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i ti\u1ebfng Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ch\u1eef s\u1ed1, bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (kV\u00b7A) v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y cao \u00e1p (kV).<\/p>\n

\n

Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i trong b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i Pinyin ti\u1ebfng Trung:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Ph\u1ea7n 1 (S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng)<\/td>\nD<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u0110\u01a1n pha;S<\/strong>\u2014\u2014Ba pha.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ph\u1ea7n 2 (L\u00e0m m\u00e1t)<\/td>\nJ<\/strong>\u2014\u2014D\u1ea7u ng\u00e2m t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh;F<\/strong>\u2014\u2014D\u1ea7u ng\u00e2m, l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed;FP<\/strong>\u2014\u2014Bu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n d\u1ea7u l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed;SP<\/strong>\u2014\u2014Bu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n d\u1ea7u l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ph\u1ea7n 3 (\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p)<\/td>\nS<\/strong>\u2014\u2014Ba c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 S bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb hai c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c<\/td>\nL<\/strong>\u2014\u2014Cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y nh\u00f4m ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ed1ng s\u00e9t;
\n0<\/strong>\u2014\u2014T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng (khi \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, n\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p; khi \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, n\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u0103ng \u00e1p);
\nZ<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u00e1p su\u1ea5t khi c\u00f3 t\u1ea3i;
\nTH<\/strong>\u2014\u2014V\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u1ea9m (m\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7); TA<\/strong>\u2014\u2014Kh\u00f4 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi (m\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n

(2) C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c (S)N<\/sub>)<\/h4>\n

C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t quy \u0111\u1ecbnh cho \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c, t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng S.N<\/sub>Th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n. C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y cao \u00e1p; khi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p thay \u0111\u1ed5i do ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

(3) D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c (I)1<\/sub>\u3001I2<\/sub>)<\/h4>\n

D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cho ph\u00e9p \u0111i qua cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u00e0 A.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n

(4) \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c (U)N<\/sub>)<\/h4>\n

\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y, ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p sinh ra khi kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea3i. \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p U1n<\/sub>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i cu\u1ed9n s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p; \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p U.2n<\/sub>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p (\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u00e0 V ho\u1eb7c kV) khi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9n s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea3i. \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ba pha \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p d\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Chuy\u00ean gia gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch:<\/strong>Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y ra t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y cao \u00e1p. Cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y cao \u00e1p ho\u1eb7c cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1p ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng, gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00eda cao \u00e1p nh\u1ecf, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i c\u0169ng nh\u1ecf, do \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

(5) Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u00f3m k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/h4>\n

C\u00e1ch k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y pha v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 pha gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p. D\u00e3y k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p, s\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a hai cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y. C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p cao \u00e1p th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0... Yn, Y, d11<\/strong> K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

\n
\u201cYn\u201d<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh sao v\u1edbi d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh;Y<\/strong> Bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb h\u00ecnh sao,n<\/strong> Bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh.<\/div>\n
\u201cd\u201d<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u00eda th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i theo h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c.<\/div>\n
\u201c11\u201d<\/strong> Bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p d\u00e2y th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p Uab<\/sub> \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p pha m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n tr\u1ec5 UAB<\/sub> 330\u00b0 (ho\u1eb7c v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u01b0\u1edbc 30\u00b0).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
\n

1. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f9ng t\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c t\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/h2>\n
\n

Nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh 15-1 cho th\u1ea5y, ch\u1ea5m \u0111en nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f9ng t\u00ean. \u0110\u1ea7u c\u00f9ng t\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t pha d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p. Khi hai cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra gi\u1ed1ng nhau, \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a hai cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f9ng t\u00ean (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c), ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c t\u00ean.<\/p>\n

\"9d4440d01d7c3c4ca45a889509575619\"H\u00ecnh 15-1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/p>\n

Trong hai cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh 15-2, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y b\u00ean tr\u00e1i ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u 1, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u 3. H\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng do hai cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y t\u1ea1o ra l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau (h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eabn nhau), do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u 1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u 3 l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ea7u 2 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u 4 l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ea7u 1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u 4 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c c\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ea7u 2 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u 3 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

\"c198cae55e031ab5731e05d578fa28d6\"H\u00ecnh 15-2 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh 15-3 cho th\u1ea5y, n\u1ebfu d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00f5i s\u1eaft, h\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f9ng t\u00ean.<\/p>\n

\"47fac4afc5a8e52967f8f40c10f2e669\"H\u00ecnh 15-3 X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f9ng t\u00ean c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y qu\u1ea5n tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00f5i s\u1eaft<\/p>\n

2. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f9ng t\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/h3>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ef1c c\u00f9ng t\u00ean c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p, trong \u0111\u00f3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p xoay chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p pin kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e8n LED).<\/p>\n

\n
(1) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p xoay chi\u1ec1u<\/div>\n
\n

Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p xoay chi\u1ec1u, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p m\u1ed9t pha (nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh 15-4), sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p xoay chi\u1ec1u th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p U c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p.1<\/sub>\u3001U2<\/sub>, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p U gi\u1eefa hai \u0111\u1ea7u 3 v\u00e0 4.3<\/sub>\u3002N\u1ebfu U3<\/sub> B\u1eb1ng U1<\/sub> V\u1edbi U2<\/sub> T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a hai \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00e2y 2 v\u00e0 3 l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng t\u00ean. N\u1ebfu U3<\/sub> B\u1eb1ng U1<\/sub> V\u1edbi U2<\/sub> N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u 1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u 3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f9ng t\u00ean.<\/p>\n

\"8f0da51b9649dc684ad04fbc5a258a36\"H\u00ecnh 15-4 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p xoay chi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f9ng t\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
(2) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p pin kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e8n LED)<\/div>\n
\n

\u25cf Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p pin kh\u00f4):<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh 15-5 cho th\u1ea5y, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t pin kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p DC th\u1ea5p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 d\u01b0\u1edbi 5V) ho\u1eb7c m\u1ee9c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n DC th\u1ea5p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 5mA). Khi b\u1eadt c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc, n\u1ebfu kim \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00ec c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a pin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u; n\u1ebfu kim \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, th\u00ec c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c \u00e2m c\u1ee7a pin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u.L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng khi ng\u1eaft c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc, kim \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n sang h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1eadt trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"4303acd8da2ea0602dadd451c82e8ef2\"H\u00ecnh 15-5 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p DC (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p pin kh\u00f4) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f9ng t\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/p>\n

\u25cf Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e8n LED):<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh 15-6 cho th\u1ea5y. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng, gi\u00fap \u1ed1ng neon ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i pin v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 v\u00f2ng \u00edt h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u1ed1i b\u00fat th\u1eed \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 v\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Khi nh\u1ea5n n\u00fat v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t th\u1ea3 ra, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng r\u1ea5t cao trong cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 v\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u00edch \u1ed1ng neon ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng. H\u00e3y quan s\u00e1t k\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0o ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c \u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a pin v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng neon l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f9ng t\u00ean.<\/p>\n

\"49a9d6af8a719c2e86026c305e44716c\"H\u00ecnh 15-6 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e8n LED) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f9ng t\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n

\n

III. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n
\n
\n

(1) Amper k\u1ebf xoay chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p (PT)<\/h3>\n
    \n
  • (1) \u0110\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i song song v\u1edbi hai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o.<\/li>\n
  • (2) Ch\u1ecdn d\u1ea3i \u0111o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1ea3i \u0111o n\u00e0y l\u1edbn h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat so v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o.<\/li>\n
  • (3) Khi \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p:\n
      \n
    • \u2460 Ph\u00eda s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u1ea7n \u0111o, ph\u00eda th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p (\u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 100 V);<\/li>\n
    • \u2461 L\u00f5i s\u1eaft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t;<\/li>\n
    • \u2462 Ph\u00eda th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p b\u1ecb ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n
      \n

      (2) Ampe k\u1ebf xoay chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n (CT)<\/h3>\n
        \n
      • (1) \u0110\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o.<\/li>\n
      • (2) Ch\u1ecdn d\u1ea3i \u0111o c\u1ee7a ampe k\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1ea3i \u0111o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o.<\/li>\n
      • (3) Khi \u0111o d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng ampe k\u1ebf, c\u1ea7n ch\u1ecdn bi\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p:\n
          \n
        • \u2460 Ph\u1ee5 m\u1ea1ch k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ampe k\u1ebf, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ampe k\u1ebf c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n 5A;<\/li>\n
        • \u2461 Khi thay th\u1ebf ampe k\u1ebf, ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch ph\u00eda ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p.<\/li>\n
        • \u2462 Ph\u1ee5 bi\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u00f5i s\u1eaft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t, ch\u1ed1ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec7n g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m cho an to\u00e0n;<\/li>\n
        • \u2463 Ph\u00eda th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p m\u1edf m\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n