{"id":15793,"date":"2026-01-07T09:44:02","date_gmt":"2026-01-07T01:44:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.erun-tech.com\/?post_type=dt_portfolio&p=15793"},"modified":"2026-01-07T09:44:02","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T01:44:02","slug":"yingguangdengdejiexianyuanlijiguzhangpaichushiwu","status":"publish","type":"dt_portfolio","link":"http:\/\/www.erun-tech.com\/vi\/project\/yingguangdengdejiexianyuanlijiguzhangpaichushiwu","title":{"rendered":"Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1<\/h1>\n
H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng \u00b7 B\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u00e1p hai cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y cho t\u00e0u bi\u1ec3n \u00b7 Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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I. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/h2>\n
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\u0110\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong H\u00ecnh 18-1. \u0110\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u00e1p, t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e8n v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u00ean trong \u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e8n ch\u1ee9a h\u01a1i th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf kh\u00ed argon (kh\u00ed tr\u01a1), b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ch\u1ea5t hu\u1ef3nh quang. Khi ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eadt, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n qua b\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u00e1p, d\u00e2y t\u00f3c \u0111\u1ebfn hai \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ed9 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e0m cho kh\u00ed tr\u01a1 trong b\u1ed9 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ecb ion h\u00f3a t\u1ea1o ra ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n hu\u1ef3nh quang, \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef U b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i k\u00e9p ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhau do b\u1ecb n\u1edf ra do nhi\u1ec7t, m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, d\u00e2y t\u00f3c n\u00f3ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn electron. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng, ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n hu\u1ef3nh quang bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m (2~3 gi\u00e2y), \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef U b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i k\u00e9p tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. Trong kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, b\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u00e1p (cu\u1ed9n c\u1ea3m) t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m l\u1edbn khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng. Sau khi \u0111\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i qua b\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u00e1p, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m do b\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u00e1p t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n hu\u1ef3nh quang c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ed9 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, \u0111\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng), nh\u1eb9, nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh.<\/p>\n

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\"S\u01a1H\u00ecnh 18-1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang (AC 220V)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n

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II. M\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/h2>\n
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\u0110\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5u n\u1ed1i ballast cu\u1ed9n \u0111\u01a1n, nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh 18-2. \u0110\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean t\u00e0u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5u n\u1ed1i ballast cu\u1ed9n \u0111\u00f4i, nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh 18-3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e8n.<\/p>\n

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K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y \u0111\u01a1n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h4>\n

\"S\u01a1H\u00ecnh 18-2 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u00e1p cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y \u0111\u01a1n
\nS \u2014 B\u1ed9 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng; SA \u2014 C\u00f4ng t\u1eafc; Z \u2014 B\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u00e1p cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y \u0111\u01a1n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y \u0111\u00f4i cho t\u00e0u th\u1ee7y<\/h4>\n

\"M\u1ea1chH\u00ecnh 18-3 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u00e1p hai cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y
\nS \u2014 B\u1ed9 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng; SA \u2014 C\u00f4ng t\u1eafc; Z \u2014 B\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u00e1p hai cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Trong H\u00ecnh 18-3, cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y ch\u00ednh 1 v\u00e0 2 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 v\u00f2ng d\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, trong khi cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y ph\u1ee5 3 v\u00e0 4 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 v\u00f2ng d\u00e2y \u00edt h\u01a1n, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau. Khi cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y ch\u00ednh kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y ph\u1ee5, t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y ph\u1ee5 s\u1ebd b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng, l\u00e0m cho d\u00f2ng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, d\u00e2y t\u00f3c n\u00f3ng l\u00ean nhanh h\u01a1n; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, khi b\u1ed9 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u1eaft, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng cao h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang s\u00e1ng l\u00ean. Sau khi s\u00e1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y ph\u1ee5 3, 4 ng\u1eaft, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201cnh\u1ea5p nh\u00e1y\u201d<\/h3>\n

Do d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo chu k\u1ef3, \u0111\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ed1i theo chu k\u1ef3, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201cnh\u1ea5p nh\u00e1y\u201d, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 quay. Khi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 quay c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 quay l\u00e0 b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang, v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 quay tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng quay, g\u00e2y ra \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nguy c\u01a1 thao t\u00e1c sai do hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201cnh\u1ea5p nh\u00e1y\u201d n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c tr\u00ean t\u00e0u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u00e2y n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang hai \u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh 18-4.<\/p>\n

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\"S\u01a1H\u00ecnh 18-4 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang hai \u1ed1ng v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u00e1p hai cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y
\nS \u2014 B\u1ed9 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng; SA \u2014 C\u00f4ng t\u1eafc; Z \u2014 B\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u00e1p hai cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y; C \u2014 T\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1ecbch pha hai cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

H\u00ecnh 18-4, C l\u00e0 t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1ecbch pha. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecbch pha c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1ecbch pha, l\u00e0m l\u1ec7ch pha m\u1ed9t trong hai b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t pha, do \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a hai b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201cnh\u1ea5p nh\u00e1y\u201d. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n ba pha, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i hai b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c pha kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201cnh\u1ea5p nh\u00e1y\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n

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III. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/h2>\n
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Theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tham kh\u1ea3o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang (nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh 18-5), s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u00e2y k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc, b\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u00e1p, \u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e8n v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

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\"4767c25cc36999f7fed415fbde84c0b8\"H\u00ecnh 18-5 H\u00ecnh tham kh\u1ea3o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n

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4. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/h2>\n
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1. \u0110\u00e8n kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng<\/h4>\n
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  • (1) \u0110\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e8n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac k\u00e9m ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo: L\u1eafp l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e8n ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00e2y l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo.<\/li>\n
  • (2) B\u1ed9 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac k\u00e9m: Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, xoay b\u1ed9 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra xem c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m tra xem \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00e2y c\u00f3 b\u1ecb tu\u1ed9t ra kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu sau khi kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng, c\u1ea7n thay th\u1ebf b\u1ed9 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n
  • (3) Cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c d\u00e2y t\u00f3c c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u00e1p b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t: \u0110o xem cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y v\u00e0 d\u00e2y t\u00f3c c\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    2. \u0110\u00e8n s\u00e1ng \u1edf hai \u0111\u1ea7u, kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng \u1edf gi\u1eefa<\/h4>\n

    Khi b\u1ed9 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac k\u00e9m ho\u1eb7c t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf b\u00ean trong b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng: Ki\u1ec3m tra theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00eau tr\u00ean; n\u1ebfu t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eaft b\u1ecf v\u00e0 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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    3. Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n<\/h4>\n
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    • (1) B\u1ed9 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p: Thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n
    • (2) \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ngu\u1ed3n qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p: \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p.<\/li>\n
    • (3) Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng kh\u0103n \u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee7i qua l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e8n.<\/li>\n
    • (4) Ballast kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, d\u00f2ng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf: Thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng ballast ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n
    • (5) \u0110\u00e8n \u1ed1ng b\u1ecb l\u00e3o h\u00f3a: Thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e8n \u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n
      \n

      4. \u0110\u00e8n nh\u1ea5p nh\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 d\u1ea3i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng di chuy\u1ec3n<\/h4>\n

      (1) K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u1ed9 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng\/b\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u00e1p kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t; (2) B\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p; (3) Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n m\u1edbi; (4) Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

      5. Ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u00e1p<\/h4>\n

      (1) L\u00f5i s\u1eaft b\u1ecb l\u1ecfng: Si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t l\u00f5i s\u1eaft; (2) Ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch b\u00ean trong cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y: Thay th\u1ebf b\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u00e1p; (3) \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ngu\u1ed3n qu\u00e1 cao: \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p.<\/p>\n

      6. \u0110\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e8n b\u1ecb \u0111en<\/h4>\n

      (1) Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft; (2) Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00e9m: Lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng; (3) \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p qu\u00e1 cao: \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n